Your guide to navigating a cancer diagnosis: First, Take A breath and then take control

A cancer diagnosis can be overwhelming and is always life changing, but there are steps you can take to cope with the news and move forward.  It's always important to remember that you are not alone, and there are people who want to help and support you.  

These tips, although by no means comprehensive, may help you begin your journey and at least know what to expect. 

Remember, for now, there is no single cure for "cancer" because cancer is just a catch-all term for many different kinds of abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth.   

Lymphoma, leukemia, pancreatic cancer, hepatic cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, sarcoma, colon cancer, melanoma, glioblastoma, lung cancer--each is a different disease process requiring a different treatment and different protocol. That being said, given the right resources, healthcare team, nutrients and environment, your body can recover and has the ability to heal itself.  

If you haven't already, please go through the cancer prevention section and incorporate as many of the recommendations as possible as these are even more salient when your body is fighting a cancer.  

This section is designed to empower you with valuable information, helping you make informed decisions alongside your healthcare providers regarding your treatment. 

Hopefully, many have avoided coming here by embracing a healthy diet, minimizing exposure to chemical products in your home and environment, and adopting the wide range of preventative measures that we have previously discussed.  We all have to take ownership of our health and create an environment where prevention is the key.  Even with all of this, however, there is still the very likely possibility you or someone you love will get a cancer diagnosis in your lifetime.

Your body was designed to heal so let’s help give it every opportunity to do so.

1. What to Expect: 

a) Before any treatment begins, your care team may order various imaging tests and procedures to diagnose, stage, and/or monitor your cancer. These tests help determine the best course of treatment and help track progress.

• X-ray: Often used for detecting bone abnormalities or lung-related cancers.

• CT Scan (Computed Tomography): Provides detailed cross-sectional images of the body to detect tumors and assess their size and spread.  This is the workhorse modality of cancer detection.

• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Uses magnetic fields and pulsed radiofrequency signals to create detailed images, particularly helpful for soft tissue, spine, and brain tumors.

• Ultrasound: Uses sound waves and acoustic patterns of tissue to identify tumors and evaluate organs in real time.

• PET Scan (Positron Emission Tomography): Helps detect cancer activity, recurrence, and spread with the power of radiolabeled glucose molecules.

b)  When an abnormal growth/mass/lesion is found, this is usually followed by a BIOPSY.  This procedure is usually performed by an interventional radiologist, a surgeon, or doctor who is expert in that kind of cancer such as a Neurosurgeon doing a biopsy of a brain mass or an interventional pulmonologist doing a biopsy of a central lung mass.

Using fluoroscopic (real time x-ray), CT, US or MRI imaging, an image guided biopsy is then performed, and the biopsy tissue is taking to pathology. 

            Biopsy types include:

• Needle Biopsy: A minimally invasive procedure to remove a small tissue sample.
• Surgical/Endoscopic Biopsy: A larger tissue sample is removed through surgery or endoscopy (a tube placed into a body cavity).
• Liquid Biopsy: A blood test that detects cancer-related genetic markers.

c)  After the biopsy, the biopsy specimen is looked at by the pathologist who looks at the cells and specimens and renders the diagnosis.   

It is only then with this information in hand that the oncologist (cancer specialist doctor) can begin creating a treatment algorithm and with a multispecialty team including many doctors you will start your therapy.

d)  So once a diagnosis is made, there are several treatments that can be used depending on your tumor, and these include:

1. Surgery

• Curative Surgery: Removes the entire tumor when localized.

• Debulking Surgery: Removes part of the tumor to improve outcomes of other treatments.

• Palliative Surgery: Relieves symptoms caused by tumors (e.g., obstruction or pain).

2. Radiation Therapy

• Uses high-energy radiation (X-rays, protons, or other particles) to kill cancer cells.

• External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT): Targets tumors from outside the body.

• Brachytherapy: Places radioactive material inside or near the tumor.

3. Chemotherapy

• Uses cytotoxic drugs to kill rapidly dividing cells.

• May be used before surgery (neoadjuvant) or after (adjuvant) to reduce recurrence.

• Often combined with other treatments.

4. Immunotherapy

• Boosts the body’s immune system to fight cancer.

• Checkpoint Inhibitors: Block proteins like PD-1/PD-L1 to enhance immune response.

• CAR-T Cell Therapy: Uses genetically modified T-cells to target cancer cells.

• Cytokines and Vaccines: Enhance immune activation.

5. Targeted Therapy

• Focuses on specific molecules or genetic mutations in cancer cells.

• Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs): Block signals that help cancer cells grow.

• Monoclonal Antibodies: Target specific proteins on cancer cells.

6. Hormone Therapy

• Used for cancers sensitive to hormones (e.g., breast, prostate).

• Blocks hormone production or action to slow cancer growth.

7. Stem Cell (Bone Marrow) Transplant

• Replaces damaged bone marrow with healthy stem cells after high-dose chemotherapy or radiation.

• Can be autologous (own cells) or allogeneic (donor cells).

8. Interventional Radiology (IR) in Cancer

• Ablation Techniques:

• Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) and Microwave Ablation (MWA) for liver, lung, and bone tumors.

• Embolization Techniques:

• Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE) and Radioembolization (TARE) for liver tumors.

• Biopsy and Catheter Placement: Diagnostic and therapeutic roles.

9. Holistic therapy:  Integrates nutrition, herbal supplements, mind-body practices, detoxification, acupuncture, exercise, aromatherapy, and emotional and spiritual support to enhance overall well-being, manage treatment side effects, and support the body’s natural healing process. 

e)  After treatment, you will have a follow up regime, which will likely include follow-up with your doctors, follow-up imaging (predominately CT), and blood tests.

2. MISCELLANCEOUS

1.        If you require frequent blood draws or chemotherapy, your doctor    

          may recommend:

• Chest Port (Port-a-Cath): A small device implanted under the skin to allow easy access to veins.
• PICC Line (Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter): A long, thin tube placed in the arm to deliver medication or draw blood.
• Tunneled Catheters: Long-term IV access placed in the chest or neck area for ongoing treatments.

           Some patients may need fluid drainage procedures, including:

• Paracentesis (Para): A procedure to remove excess fluid from the abdomen.
• Thoracentesis (Thora): A procedure to remove fluid from around the lungs.

2. Build a Strong Care Team:

• Seek a multidisciplinary team that includes oncologists, nutritionists, integrative medicine specialists, mental health professionals, and physical therapists.
• Consider seeking a second opinion to ensure you're exploring all possible treatment options.
• If interested in complementary therapies, consult with an oncology-trained naturopathic doctor or a functional medicine physician to integrate evidence-based holistic strategies.

3. Bring a Support Partner to Appointments:

• Choose someone who can help ask questions, take notes, and provide emotional support.
• Record your consultations (with your doctor's permission) to review later.

4. Educate Yourself on Your Diagnosis:

• Understand tumor markers, genetic testing, and pathology reports, which can help guide personalized treatment options.
• Learn about metastasis risk, recurrence rates, and lifestyle factors that influence disease progression.
• Ask about clinical trials-they may offer access to cutting-edge treatments.

5. Explore a Range of Treatment Options: 

• Conventional Treatments: Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy remain the backbone of cancer treatment.  Each of these treatments serves a specific role in either removing, shrinking, or controlling cancerous growths. However, it is crucial for patients to be well-informed about both the benefits and the risks of these interventions and therefore, we highly encourage you to research some alternative natural therapies. 
• Interventional Procedures (Targeted Cancer Therapies):  These can be less damaging than traditional surgery for certain cancers.  These are all minimally invasive performed by an interventional radiologist.  Some patients may undergo specialized procedures that directly target tumors with minimal impact on surrounding healthy tissue. These are particularly effective for liver cancer, metastatic tumors, and certain inoperable cases:
  • Y-90 (Yttrium-90 Radioembolization): A targeted internal radiation treatment that delivers radioactive particles directly into liver tumors to shrink or eliminate them.
  • Chemoembolization (Transarterial Chemoembolization - TACE): A procedure that injects chemotherapy directly into a tumor's blood supply while blocking its oxygen and nutrients, enhancing the treatment's effectiveness.
  • Ethanol Injection: A minimally invasive technique that destroys cancer cells by injecting concentrated alcohol into the tumor.
  • Bland Embolization (Trans arterial Embolization - TAE): Similar to chemoembolization but without chemotherapy; it blocks blood flow to tumors, leading to their shrinkage.
  • Cryoablation: Minimally invasive procedure that uses extreme cold to destroy abnormal or cancerous tissue.
  • Microwave ablation  Minimally invasive procedure that uses microwave energy to generate heat and destroy abnormal or cancerous tissue.
  • Radio frequency ablation (RFA) Minimally invasive procedure that uses high-frequency electrical currents to generate heat and destroy abnormal or cancerous tissue.
  • Aliya Minimally invasive treatment that delivers high-voltage, short-duration pulsed electric fields (PEF) through a small needle to disrupt cellular homeostasis and induce non-thermal programmed cell death in targeted soft tissues.  There is additionally an immune response that may create an ABSCOPAL EFFECT.
• Immunotherapy: is a rapidly evolving field in cancer and autoimmune disease treatment
• Holistic & Integrative Approaches:
  • Mistletoe therapy (widely used in Europe to stimulate immune support, may slow tumor growth and for symptom relief).
  • High-dose vitamin C therapy (emerging research suggests potential benefits in some cancers).
  • Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) (supports healing, reduces inflammation).
  • Acupuncture (for pain management, nausea, and fatigue).
  • Herbal and adaptogenic support (under medical supervision).
  • Medical cannabis (potential help for pain, inflammation, nausea, and appetite support).
  • Medicinal mushrooms (Reishi, Turkey tail, Chaga) Known for immune-boosting and more. 
  • Turmeric (Curcumin) Potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects that may help slow the growth. 
  • Green tea Extract: A powerful antioxidant
  • iodine: May play a role in thyroid and breast cancer prevention 
  • Apricot Seeds:  May target unhealthy cells and support immune function. DO NOT eat more than 3 and discuss with your holistic health practitioner. 

6. Optimize Your Nutrition:

• Adopt an anti-inflammatory, whole-food diet-many experts recommend a Mediterranean-style or plant-forward diet with lean proteins, healthy fats, and plenty of vegetables.
• Focus on foods that support immune function: cruciferous vegetables, berries, garlic, turmeric, green tea, and mushrooms (e.g., reishi, maitake).
• Consider therapeutic fasting (only if approved by your doctor) to support metabolic health.
• Avoid ultra-processed foods, excess sugar, and alcohol, as these can promote inflammation.  Cancer can feed off of sugar.
• Stay hydrated with filtered water and herbal teas.

7. Support Your Detox Pathways:

• Reduce exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in household products, plastics, and personal care items.
• Support lymphatic drainage through dry brushing, sauna therapy, and movement.
• Consider liver-supporting practices like fasting, milk thistle, dandelion tea, and cruciferous vegetables.

8. Mind-Body Connection & Emotional Healing:

• Chronic stress can suppress immune function and increase inflammation. Support mental well-being with:
  • Meditation, deep breathing exercises, and guided imagery.
  • Journaling or expressive writing therapy.
  •  Faith-based or spiritual practices that provide peace and resilience.
  • Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or counseling to process emotions.
  • Join a cancer-specific support group (virtual or in person).
  • Address past emotional trauma-some research suggests that unresolved trauma may impact healing.

9. Sleep & Circadian Health:

• Aim for 7-9 hours of quality sleep to support immune repair and hormone balance.
• Create a sleep-friendly environment (cool, dark, tech-free).
• Consider melatonin-some studies suggest it may have anticancer properties.

10. Stay Active in Ways That Feel Good:

• Gentle movement like walking, yoga, qigong, or swimming can reduce treatment side effects and improve energy levels.
• Strength training can help prevent muscle loss and maintain bone density.
• Find a movement practice that brings joy and doesn't feel like a chore.

11. Hope, Resilience & Spiritual Strength:

• Studies show that faith and a strong support network can significantly impact healing outcomes.
• Practice gratitude and seek moments of joy each day.
• Remember: Healing is not just physical- it's emotional, mental, and spiritual.

12. Prepare for Possible Treatment Side Effects:

• Nausea: Ginger, peppermint tea, acupuncture, or anti-nausea medications.
• Fatigue: Prioritize nutrient-dense meals, gentle movement, and adaptogenic herbs (e.g., ashwagandha, rhodiola).
• Neuropathy: Consider B-complex vitamins, L-glutamine, and cold therapy.
• Digestive issues: Probiotics, fermented foods, and fiber can help maintain gut health.

13. Financial & Logistical Planning:

• Look into financial assistance programs, insurance coverage options, and cancer-related nonprofits that provide grants for treatment and living expenses.
• Consider disability leave or flexible work arrangements if needed.
• Plan for transportation to and from treatments-some organizations offer rides to appointments.

14. Clarify Your Care Preferences & Advocate for Yourself:

• If desired, create an advance care plan to outline your medical wishes.
• Keep a binder or digital file with all test results, medications, and provider contacts.
• Trust your instincts-if something doesn't feel right, seek another opinion and other options.

15. Connect with Others Who Understand:

• Beyond online groups, look for local cancer support organizations, retreats, or wellness centers that focus on integrative healing.
• Consider mentorship programs that pair newly diagnosed patients with survivors.

16. You Are More Than a Diagnosis:

• Cancer does not define you. You are a whole person with strength, purpose, and resilience.
• Find meaning in small moments, personal passions, and connections with loved ones.
• Healing is a journey-take it one day at a time and focus on what you can control.

This journey is deeply personal, and there's no one-size-fits-all approach. Whether you choose conventional, holistic, or an integrative approach, your choices should reflect what feels right for you. The goal is to support your body, mind, and spirit in the most healing way possible. This page is for educational and informational purposes only.  Please work with your health care providers first and foremost, regardless of whatever healthcare decisions you choose.  

If you or a loved one are dealing with cancer, we invite you to join our Facebook group-a place for support, shared knowledge, and most of all, hope.  You are not ALONE.